A contracture is a condition where there is a permanent shortening of a muscle, tendon, or other soft tissue, leading to decreased flexibility and range of motion in the affected area. It often results from prolonged immobility, muscle imbalance, or scarring and fibrosis of the tissues.
Causes of Contractures
- Immobilization: Prolonged periods of immobility due to bed rest, injury, or surgery.
- Neuromuscular Diseases: Conditions like cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, and stroke.
- Trauma or Burns: Scarring and fibrosis after injuries or burns.
- Arthritis: Joint inflammation leading to decreased movement.
- Connective Tissue Disorders: Conditions like scleroderma.
### Symptoms of Contractures
- Decreased range of motion in the affected joint.
- Stiffness and pain in the muscle or joint.
- Visible deformity in severe cases.
Prevention and Management
-Regular Movement and Exercise: Engage in regular physical activity and stretching exercises to maintain flexibility.
-Physical Therapy: Work with a physical therapist to perform specific exercises to stretch and strengthen the muscles.
-Proper Positioning: Use splints, braces, or positioning devices to prevent the affected area from becoming immobilized.
-Medications: Anti-inflammatory drugs or muscle relaxants may be prescribed to reduce pain and inflammation.
-Surgery: In severe cases, surgical intervention may be needed to release the contracture.
Addressing contractures promptly with a comprehensive management plan can significantly improve the patient’s quality of life and prevent further complications.
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